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HELIOS Base User manual |
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Note: Usage for many of the HELIOS utilities can be listed at the command line by following the command with -h, for "help".
Log files, such as printer or server log files, are modified with each new login on the respective server. To maintain a certain order, they can be allocated a particular file name extension, e.g. by an ascending numbering. E.g. the printer log file which records the entries of today may be named "printer.acct", the one with yesterday's entries "printer.acct.0", and so on (see A 3.1 "Printer log file structure").
It may be reasonable to determine a cycle after which the oldest log file is discarded, e.g. after one week. "logrotate" coordinates the "rotation" of the log files with the following parameters:
664 Octal expression for the file access rights,
i.e. "owner" and "group" have the right to
read and write, whereas "others" are just
allowed to read the file
The "locktable" utility shows which files are locked by the HELIOS processes. Note that you must be "root" to call the "locktable" command.
-c (clean-up mode): Delete all locks in the locktable which are held by processes that do not run anymore.
An important HELIOS feature related to the protection of your files is cross-platform file and record locking.
HELIOS EtherShare and PCShare coordinate together to enable this feature. Without it, Windows applications are unaware when a Mac user has a file open, and vice versa. This means that they would be able to open and modify the same file at the same time, which could result in data loss. EtherShare and PCShare prevent this by accessing the same "locktable" file which allows cross-platform file and record locking even between Macintosh and Windows workstations. File locking with UNIX applications can also be specified (see UnixLocks and UnixShare in 7.9 "Volume preference keys").
Note: Some applications do not support file locking, so it is prudent to verify this capability.
The "migrate" utility allows you to convert EtherShare and PCShare configuration files into preferences (though it is recommended that the 4.2.1 "Migrate Settings" feature of the HELIOS Installer be used instead). Beginning with EtherShare 3.1 and PCShare 3.1, all configuration settings are stored in one single file ("Preferences"). It is necessary to state the path which leads to the "old" EtherShare/PCShare (-e, -p) location in order to enable "migrate" to find the old configuration file. Additionally, the volume's character set encoding must be stated (-E MacRoman,
-P PC850, or -E SJIS). The following options specify what is to be migrated:
EtherShare and PCShare volumes will be migrated. If you do not want to migrate the PCShare volumes, the -p option can be omitted (-e for EtherShare).
The "afpvolumes" file is evaluated for EtherShare volumes. Here is an example for an entry in this file:
For PCShare volumes the "exports.pcs" file is evaluated. Here is an example for an entry in this file:
The following files are evaluated for EtherShare printers ("atalk.conf", "Preferences", "/etc/printcap"). Only those printers which have an entry in "atalk.conf" and in
"/etc/printcap" are migrated. The "printcap" entry for a printer is taken on - except for the entries "lp", "if", "of", and "af". These receive HELIOS specific entries. The following spooler types are recognized by the flags in "atalk.conf":
The spooler type, which was implicitly provided in "atalk.conf" through specific flags is set explicitly now in the "Preferences" by IfType=<Type>. Other flags keep their names, but are stored in the "Preferences". For example, the parameter "jobholdtime" in the following excerpt from "atalk.conf" was taken on in the "Preferences" unchanged:
The file "/usr/local/es/conf/afppasswd" is copied to
"HELIOSDIR/var/conf/passwd". This file is indispensable if the Encrypted Password Transport feature (compare 4.5 "HELIOS TCP/IP security overview") is enabled.
Network interfaces entries and zones entries in "atalk.conf" are migrated. They start with the following key words:
The "uniconv" program, a new Unicode conversion utility, allows the conversion of text strings from one character set encoding to another, e.g.:
The "swho" command can be used to list all currently active HELIOS child server processes, together with the process ID (PID), the network address (EtherShare:
AppleTalk/IP address or name; PCShare: internet address or client name), user name and process starting time:
In this example you can see three logins via AppleTalk (one "AFPServer" and two "UNIXTerminal" connections) and two logins via "PCShare", one of them from a PC client as a guest user ("nobody"), and the other from another PC with the user name "anyuser".
A separate PCShare process is started for each user login (including guest logins - user "nobody"), although a single process can support multiple drive and/or printer connections, even if they are all mounted at the same time.
The name of the PCs ("tecra" and "Office" in the above example) is only shown if the PC has been specified with name and IP address in "/etc/hosts" or in the equivalent host database, such as NIS. If the name is not specified, the internet address is shown instead of the computer name:
Use the -c switch to include an optional comment field, which shows more information on the session. PCShare servers show the name of the corresponding mounted UNIX directory or print command, EtherShare file servers ("AFPServer") show the names of the currently mounted Macintosh volumes:
"swho" gets its information from the file "stmp", which is updated by both PCShare and EtherShare servers. "stmp" is located in the "HELIOSDIR/var/run" directory.
Use the -n switch to suppress DNS (Domain Name Service) lookup functionality. If this option is set, the network address appears as IP number instead of the name.
Note: If "swho" delivers quicker results with the -n switch set you probably have a DNS configuration problem.
The -p option clears the "HELIOSDIR/var/run/stmp" file from entries which are orphans, i.e. cannot be allocated to current processes anymore.
Related information is available from the host's current services list. In the following example, we used "srvutil" (see 9.1 "srvutil") to display the services:
HELIOS file and print server functionality is all implemented in a single "helios" master process, which spawns a child process each time a user mounts volumes or print queues.
"ifstat" is a handy utility to see the AppleTalk network settings for each of the server's network interface cards. Additionally, with the -l option specified, "ifstat -l" returns the IP number and subnet mask of the local subnet.
These values can then be added to the default "ipaccess" list, in order to limit access to HELIOS services to only those nodes on the local subnet. The default "ipaccess" list does not provide any access restrictions to the host.
Note: The UNIX "ifconfig" program offers more extensive network interface information but "ifstat" includes the AppleTalk settings.
Setting and retrieving single entries in the preference database (see also 7 "HELIOS Preferences") can be done using the program "prefvalue" found in "HELIOSDIR/bin/".
The preference key is the whole string containing the preference key strings which are delimited by "/" characters.
Note: Please note that key names are case-sensitive!
Important: If the key comprises a path, the "/" characters within the path must be "marked" by preceding each with a
"\" character."prefvalue" is the command, -k the preference key (here
Programs/pcshare/hostname), -t the value type (here str for string), and the last argument is the value to set (osiris).
"prefvalue" is the command, -k the preference key (here
Programs/pcshare/hostname), and -d the option to delete the preference.
Important: Use this command with caution! Make a backup copy of "HELIOSDIR/var/conf/Preferences" first.
Dumping preferences into a readable form can be done using the "prefdump" command in "HELIOSDIR/bin/".
"PreferencesFile" is the binary preference database file which exports the preferences. If omitted, the default file "HELIOSDIR/var/conf/Preferences" will be taken.
If "DumpFile" is specified the preference database will be exported to that file. If omitted, the preference database will be printed to "stdout".
Restoring preferences which have been dumped into a readable text file (e.g. with "prefdump") back into the binary "Preferences" file can be done using the command "HELIOSDIR/bin/prefrestore".
"PreferencesFile" is the binary preference database file which imports the preferences from the file "DumpFile". If omitted, "HELIOSDIR/var/conf/Preferences" will be taken.
With the -c option set, all old preferences are deleted and then the new preferences are loaded. Without -c option, new preferences are loaded additionally to the already existing preferences. In doing so, those with the same key are overwritten.
Not all available preferences are set by default, which means that they are not listed in the "prefdump" output, and the HELIOS products will use the given default values. When a different value is set by means of "prefvalue", this will take precedence. To revert back to the HELIOS default value, use prefvalue -k <key> -d to delete the preference entry.
"chpasswd" is used to create and amend entries in the UNIX "/etc/passwd" file and the additional
"HELIOSDIR/var/conf/passwd" file.
Ensures that the encrypted - "hex"/"crypt" - passwords are passed to "stdout". This option is only reasonable if -H ("hex") or -C ("crypt") are stated as well.
Important: The password (file) is not modified by the -X option!
Note: When both options, -c and -h, are used with the program call, then "echo crypt" is output first, then "echo hex".
You can call "chpasswd" from UNIX manually to change passwords from a shell login. If you are facing problems, e.g. with yellow pages (NIS), "chpasswd" will return error messages.
You can also call "chpasswd" without any options or parameters. "chpasswd" will then work as an interactive tool, like the standard UNIX "passwd" program.
The "hupd" command starts the HELIOS Update Installer, a tool which lets you conveniently install HELIOS updates. For a detailed description and for operation instructions of the HELIOS Update Installer see 12 "The HELIOS Update Installer".
The "license" command starts a program which lets you conveniently enter software licenses in order to activate already installed HELIOS products. For a detailed description and for operation instructions of the license program see 4.3.1 "Entering a new license".
The "oiinfo" program allows you to view a list of all "OpenImage" plug-ins that are installed and available.
The program, by default, searches the directory "HELIOSDIR/lib/OpenImage/Plug-ins". Every file in this directory will be checked to find out whether it is a correct plug-in and - if so - what type of plug-in it is.
After that, you will get a list of "OpenImage"-registered managers. This specific list provides information about which managers are available for use.
The "psresolve" program acts like a printer driver, e.g. "papif". Instead of sending the PostScript output to the network, "psresolve" passes all PostScript data to "stdout" which can be redirected into a file or piped to an application.
Usually, new output parameters must be set. The "psresolve" program lets you set printer interface OPI-options manually on the UNIX server for one single print job. Specifying options to "psresolve" overrides the settings in the preference database for the specific spooler (psresolve [options] [SpoolerName]).
In the following, we list the parameters that may be set with "psresolve" and then - at the end of this chapter - give you an example that may be used for a specific workflow.
Note: Parameters that can also be specified in one of the EtherShare Admin dialogs will be marked by the phrase Compare EtherShare Admin!.
The following printer interface related preferences may be entered as command line options using the
-o Preference=Value syntax.
This option turns OPI functionality on or off. If it is set to TRUE, OPI image replacement is enabled.
Specifies a list of path names where to search high-resolution images during image replacement, in case they cannot be found in the standard locations.
This parameter - if it is set to TRUE - enables the use of the EtherShare desktop database to locate moved image files.
This parameter - if it is set to FALSE - ensures that layout images are replaced by the corresponding high-resolution images for output. Otherwise, the layouts will be printed.
If this parameter is set to TRUE all fonts used in the document will be checked before printing. Every missing font will be reported and this will stop the print job.
If this parameter is set to TRUE all images placed in the document will be checked before printing. Every missing image will be reported and this will stop the print job.
Specifies whether special PostScript setup has to be included to avoid application specific problems during printout. This is necessary for FreeHand 3.1, PageMaker 5 and QuarkXPress 3.0.
If this parameter is set to TRUE all images will be replaced during printout. Otherwise only layout images are resolved.
Specifies whether in case of resolving an already resolved PostScript job, the use of fonts and other resources should still be accounted.
This parameter specifies the path name of the default ICC-profile describing the printing device. Can be overridden using the HELIOS ColorSync 2 XT.
This parameter specifies the path name of the default ICC-profile describing the proof device. The string will only be recognized if a default printer profile is set. Can be overridden using the HELIOS ColorSync 2 XT.
This option - if it is set to TRUE - allows downsampling of images to a given output resolution. The value that has to be used for printing is specified by the Resolution parameter below.
This option allows to fix the downsampling resolution (see Resolution parameter below) to the given value. Usually, if this parameter is set to FALSE, the output resolution is adjusted to the image resolution if the image resolution is smaller. When setting this parameter to TRUE the printer interfaces will use the given Resolution as is for downsampling. This may cause upsampling of images with resolutions smaller than the given one. This parameter is only meaningful when setting the DownSampling parameter to TRUE.
This option controls the downsampling algorithm. By default, a bilinear algorithm is used. If you set this option to TRUE you switch to a fast picking algorithm. This parameter is only meaningful when setting the DownSampling parameter to TRUE.
This option controls the resolution of downsampled images. Zero induces the software to use the default resolution of the printing device as specified in the queue's PPD file. This parameter is only meaningful when setting the
DownSampling parameter to TRUE.
This option sets the color space used while printing separations. The default is CMYK for a four color print process. Spot colors are not affected by this parameter. Valid color spaces are "CMYK" and "Multi". If you set the string to "Multi" you have to define the names and order of the color components. Furthermore, the usage of the "Multi" color space requires the use of ICC profiles. For (future) ICC profiles that include the names of the color components, this option will become obsolete. Please note that the value you choose for this option can be overridden by the printer profile you have selected using ColorSync 2 XT or using the
DefaultPrinterProfile option.
This option controls, together with the ProcessColorspace option, the names of the process inks used for separations. Spot colors are not affected by this parameter.
This option sets the color space used while printing composite. The default is CMYK. Setting this option to None causes all color images in a print job to be kept and printed in their original color space. This applies to CMYK,
CIE- Lab and RGB images only. Valid strings are "CMYK", "RGB", and "CIELab". Please note that the value you choose for this option can be overridden by the printer profile you have selected using ColorSync 2 XT or using the DefaultPrinterProfile option.
This option selects a compression mode for images while being printed. CCITT Group 4, JPEG (Low to Max.), ZIP, and Compress are currently supported.
When printing layout images, ImageServer is able to scale down a high-resolution image to layout quality on the fly if the layout image cannot be found. This parameter controls the maximum resolution used for printing these transformed images.
Use this parameter to specify whether non-existing layout images should be ignored when printing layout quality.
This parameter enables the use of the ICC info files while printing images. If it is set to TRUE, every non-tagged image will be temporarily tagged during printing provided that the ICC info file specifies tagging for that kind of image.
This parameter controls whether non-tagged images should be ignored when printing to an ICC color matched queue.
This parameter - if it is set to TRUE - tells ImageServer not to resolve OPI comments if printing a PSImage file to an APR-aware RIP.
Note: The parameters in the following two paragraphs will usually be specified when setting up EtherShare. They may, however, be relevant to ImageServer as well and can therefore be set as preferences, too.
IgnoreResolveOpts, IgnoreProcsetResolveOpt, IgnoreFontResolveOpt,
IgnoreIncludeResolveOpt and IgnoreOpiResolveOpt <boolean:FALSE>
When printing from an EtherShare spooler to a second EtherShare spooler, print jobs will usually not be resolved a second time. Specifying one or more of these options for the second spooler re-enables resolving of fonts, procsets, included files or OPI comments (IgnoreOpiResolveOpt).
Enables explanatory accounting. The accounting file will e.g. include the OPI image replacement list.
Imagine you want to print a document using the
CompressPostScript option. For that purpose, you have to change the default setting for this particular print job using the "psresolve" program. The complete procedure is described below:
-> First of all, you have to set up two different printer queues using the EtherShare Admin program. One queue (e.g. "real_printing") is to be used for printing to an output device and the other one (e.g. "print_to_disk") is to be used for printing to a PostScript file (spool only).
-> Make sure that Spool only has been activated for the "print_to_disk" queue (EtherShare Admin Printer menu) and then print to this queue from your layout application.
-> Then, on your UNIX server, change to the spool directory that now contains your print job
(e.g. "/usr2/spool/print_to_disk"):
-> Start the "psresolve" program, enter the parameters you want to use, and specify the queue name, the input file name (e.g. "your_print_job") and the output file name:
# /usr/local/helios/bin/psresolve -o
CompressPostScript=Compress print_to_disk
<your_print_job >your_print_job_output
Finally, you may send the file "your_print_job_output" to your Spool & Print printer queue for output:
Please note that the "real_printing" printer queue will not resolve your print job once again. The job will be printed according to the settings that had been specified for the "print_to_disk" queue using the EtherShare Admin program and/or according to the parameters set by the
psresolve command line.
The "start-helios" command starts all available HELIOS services on the host (see 4.4.1 "Starting the HELIOS software manually").
The "stop-helios" command stops all HELIOS services on the host 5 minutes after entering the command. "stop-helios now" stops the services immediately, the -g parameter lets you specify the time until shutdown in minutes, and -m allows to issue a shutdown message (see 4.4.2 "Stopping the HELIOS software manually").
| © 2002 HELIOS Software GmbH |
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